Shock

Last Updated on August 19, 2026

Types of Shock & Causes

(i) Hypovolemic shock

• Haemorrhagic shock

(ii) Cardiogenic shock

• Myocardial infarction
• Acute heart failure
• Cardiomyopathy

(iii) Obstructive shock

• Cardiac tamponade
• Tension pneumothorax
• Pulmonary embolism

(iv) Distributive shock

• Anaphylactic shock
• Septic shock
• Neurogenic shock

Shock Index

Shock Index = Heart Rate ÷ SBP

• Normal: <0.7
• Shock: >0.9
• Poor outcomes: >1.3

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• Shock index >0.9 suggests high risk of mortality and urgent resuscitation is needed

References

1. Shock index