Triaging in ED Primary triage • ? • The child is in / shock / life-threatening condition?• or non-infectious condition? =====💡 One the most important things at triage level is to determine whether the child is stable Differential Diagnoses Some common causes: Infectious:• Hand, foot and mouth disease • Measles• Herpes simplex virus infection • […]
Table Extra Notes
Classification • Selective vs non-selective• Vasodilating vs non-vasodilating=====• First generation (e.g. propranolol), Second generation (e.g. Acebutolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol, Bisoprolol, Esmolol), Third generation – vasodilating • Third generation, ß1 selective (e.g. Nebivolol, Betaxolol)• Third generation, non selective — ß1, ß2, α1 (e.g. Labetalol, Carvedilol) • Selective — ß1 > ß2 (e.g. Atenolol, Metoprolol) ** ß-blocker is […]
Classifications: (i) Thiazide e.g. (ii) Thiazide-like diuretics e.g. chlorthalidone (CTD), indapamide Mechanisms of Action Blocks Na+-Cl− co-transporter at the beginning of distal convoluted tubule → inhibits odium re absorption Natriuretics would alter long term sodium balance → reduced peripheral vascular resistance & sustained BP reduction As more sodium reaching collecting duct, hypokalaemia occurs Indications Hypertension […]
Presentation ≥1 of the following:• Vaginal discharge (typicallyu thick & adherent) • “External” dysuria• Vaginal itching• Vaginal burning• Vaginal swelling• Dyspareunia Physical Examinaiton • Whitish coating on vaginal wall Treatment • Clotrimazole (Canesten®) 500 mg ON x1/7 Reference https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459317/
Different Types of Oxygen Therapy Q&A Reference Oxygen therapy: simple face mask
Introduction • Osmolal gap = measured serum osmolality – calculated serum osmolality• Calculated serum osmolality = 2[+] + + • Marked increased osmolal gap (>25 mOsm) is pathognomonic of toxic alcohol poisoning! Calculator
ACS evaluations account for 10 – 20% of chest pain in ED. Therefore, when patients present with chest pain, it must be clerked properly! SOCRATES • S: retrosternal / localized pain / left or right sided • O: does the pain start?• C: pressure / sharp • R: jaw / left shoulder / arms • […]
Equipment • 1mL syringe• Needle (blue) • Glass slides x2 • • Marker pen for label How to perform thick & thin smear?