Introduction • 12 ribs • Anterior ribs are more diagonally downwards; Posterior ribs are more horizontal Some common indications of doing chest X-rays • TRO lung pathology e.g. pneumonia, TB, , pneumothorax• • , e.g. internal jugular catheter, subclavian catheter Common CXR views/projection Some common abnormalities • Subcutaneous emphysema of chest wall• Rib fracture (trauma […]
Chest X-rays PA view (standard view) AP view, (preferably erect / sitting instead of lying) (lateral) Reference / Further reading 1. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/sternum-lateral-view-1 Related Posts Chest X-rays [open]
Sublingual GTN Dilution Protocol for IVI GTN Dilution mcg/min to mL/hr
Types • Specific VS (e.g. phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine) Mechanism of Action • Reduces peripheral resistance → lowers BP• Doses Related Posts Adrenoceptors [open]
Criteria / Features One of the followings:• Present in V1 – V3• >0.04 seconds (1 mm) wide• > 2 mm deep • >25% of depth of QRS complex Significance • Usually indicates current / previous MI Reference / Further Reading
Ace Inhibitors (ACEIs) Benefits • Can lower cardiovascular risk• Can prevent coronary artery disease in patients with HTN• Can reduce mortality & morbidity in patients with congestive heart failure • No adverse effect on lipid & glucose metabolism Adverse effects • Dry cough • Angioedema (rare) • Doses Precautions • Check baseline before starting • […]
Mechanism of action Dihydropyridine• Vasodilatation → decreased peripheral resistance Non-dihydropyridine• Negative inotropic effect Classification • vs Calcium channel blockers in hypertension Related Posts
Examples Notes
Triage Primary triage • Asking presenting complaint • Any evident / potential life-threatening condition / limb or organ injuries • Any high risk medical profile? =====📑If patients fulfill the above criteria, patient will be assigned to higher acuity zones e.g. yellow / red zone (bypassing secondary triage) Secondary triage • Objective assessment: vital signs, brief […]
Components • Tachyarrhythmia• Bradyarrhythmia & heart block• ACS• Cardiac arrest Related Posts • Basic life support• ECG interpretation basics Guidelines Download full guideline from: https://cpr.heart.org/-/media/cpr-files/cpr-guidelines-files/highlights/hghlghts_2020_ecc_guidelines_english.pdf Simulation • Example 1