Last Updated on October 10, 2022
Introduction
• Third generation beta-blocker, non-selective
Advantages
• Effective in hypertension Types of insulin 🚪 Prandial insulin (Bolus) 🚪 Basal insulin 🚪 Premixed insulin Source: CPG Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Improves mortality & morbidity in patients with heart failure
• No adverse effect on
insulin
• Short acting: Actrapid®, Humulin R, Insuman R, Insugen R
• Rapid analogue: Aspart (Novorapid®), Lispro (Humalog®), Glulisine (Apidra®)
• Intermediate-acting: Insulatard®, Hululin N, Insuman N, Insugen N
• Long-acting analogue: Glargine, Detemir, Degludec
• Mixtard 30, Humulin 30/30, Novomix 30, Humalog mix 25/75, Humalog mix 50/50
Precaution
• Safety in pregnancy not established
Dosage
Notes: different dosage for patients with heart failure / angina
Hypertension
• Starting dose: 12.5 mg OD
• Recommended maximum daily dose: 50 mg OD / in divided dose if necessary
Heart failure
• Starting dose: 3.125 mg BD
• Target dose: 25 mg BD (50 mg if >85 kg)