Anterior fontanelle • Anterior fontanelle usually closes sometime between 9 months and 18 months • AFNT = anterior fontanelle normotensive ===== Anterior fontanelle is important in assessing neonates & infants: (i) Hydration • Anterior fontanelle sunken in moderate to severe dehydration (ii) Intracranial pressure • Anterior fontanelle tense / bulging in meningitis due to hydrocephalus […]

Abbreviation: IPPA Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

Abbreviation: AUR Acute urinary retention

Abbreviation: UTI Urinary tract infection ===== 💡Remember If Urine FEME / Urine dipstick shows feature of UTI (leucocyte positive, nitrite positive), do renal punch to look for sign of pyelonephritis

Abbreviation: CXR Chest X-rays

Abbreviation: POCT Point of care tests

Abbreviation: DKA Diabetic ketoacidosis Notes: • Abdominal pain is a common presentation for DKA (with underlying newly diagnosed DM)  

Abbreviation: UPT Urine pregnancy test ===== Notes: • Taking oral contraceptive pills / on intrauterine contraceptive device DOES NOT rule out patient is not pregnant. • Therefore remember to check UPT for female patients in reproductive age, prior to X-rays / CT scan

Abbreviation: DBP • Diastolic blood pressure

Abbreviation: SBP • Systolic blood pressure • Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis