Last Updated on August 19, 2026
Pathophysiology
• Cardiac rhythms arise from
atrioventricular junction
In normal condition, cardiac rhythm arises from SA node
, with heart rate of <60 bpm×
Presentation
• Usually asymptomatic
ECG
• P wave in lead II: inverted /
absent
p wave buried within QRS / p wave slightly before QRS / p wave slightly after QRS×
• Regular rhythm
• Narrow QRS complex
• Ventricular rate 45 – 60 bpm